The Nobel Committee announced the winners of the 2025 Economics Prize, alongside recipients in Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, Literature, and the Peace Prize. The awards were distributed across six categories, with notable recognition for scientific advancements and literary contributions.
In Medicine, Japanese researcher Shimon Sakaguchi, American Mary Brankov, and Fred Ramsdell were honored for their work on “peripheral immunological tolerance,” a breakthrough in understanding autoimmune disease mechanisms. Their research on T-helper cells and the FOXP3 gene has potential applications in treating conditions like lupus and multiple sclerosis.
The Physics Prize went to Briton John Clark, Frenchman Michel Devore, and American John Martinis for their discovery of quantum tunneling at the macro level and energy quantization in electrical circuits. Their experiments with superconductivity laid foundational work for future quantum computing advancements.
In Chemistry, Japanese Susumu Kitagawa, British Richard Robson, and American Omar Yagi (of Palestinian refugee descent) were awarded for developing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), materials capable of filtering pollutants and purifying water at the molecular level.
Hungarian writer Laszlo Krasnahorkai received the Literature Prize for his “convincing and prophetic creativity,” with works like Satanic Tango and Melancholia of Resistance highlighting dystopian narratives and existential themes.
The Peace Prize was awarded to Venezuelan opposition figure Maria Corina Machado, recognized for her advocacy of democratic rights in Venezuela. Her efforts against authoritarian rule garnered international attention, despite political challenges in her home country.
Economics laureates Joel Mokir, Philippe Agyon, and Peter Howitt were honored for their analysis of innovation-driven economic growth, including mathematical models of “creative destruction” that explain technological progress. The Economics Prize, unlike others, was established by the Swedish State Bank rather than Alfred Nobel’s original will.
The 2025 awards highlight diverse achievements across disciplines, reflecting global scientific and cultural advancements.
