In southern Brazil, researchers have discovered a new species of miniature frog with a bright orange color. The tiny amphibian measures just over 1 centimeter in length and is found exclusively in a small area of mountainous forest within Serra do Quiri (Santa Catarina State) at an altitude exceeding 750 meters.
This previously undescribed species belongs to the family Brachycephalidae, commonly known as shortheads. Scientists note that two closely related species have been identified in neighboring regions of the same mountain system. Over the past seven years, researchers have worked to catalog local populations of this genus, which led to the discovery.
Despite its striking orange hue, the frog’s mating call was crucial for detection. Males were located through their quiet vocalizations, while females were collected randomly during field surveys. In laboratory settings, scientists conducted genetic and morphological analyses to distinguish the new species from related ones, officially classifying it as Brachycephalus lulai—named after Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.
The study emphasizes that this naming tribute aims to spur conservation initiatives for Atlantic rainforests and the numerous miniature frogs endemic to Brazil. While the habitat of B. lulai remains relatively undisturbed and is classified as “least concern” by conservation authorities, other frog species in Santa Catarina State face critical threats from grassland burning, grazing, invasive plants, tourism, mining, and deforestation.
Globally, amphibians are the most endangered class of vertebrates. Researchers report that a federal protected area is under discussion for this region without requiring the acquisition of private land. Additionally, further studies on shorthead species are expected to deepen understanding of intraspecific variability and assist in revising species boundaries.
